http://www.stemcells.com Stem Cells current issue RSS Feed http://www.stemcells.com/details/journalArticle/685915/Law_Ethics_Religion_and_Clinical_Translation_in_the_21st_Century__A_Discussion_w.html No abstract. 2010-03-22T00:00:00Z http://www.stemcells.com/details/journalArticle/739467/Intratumoral_Hypoxic_Gradient_Drives_Stem_Cells_Distribution_and_MGMT_Expression.html Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are highly proliferative tumors currently treated by surgical removal, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, which are counteracted by intratumoral hypoxia. Here we exploited image guided surgery to sample multiple intratumoral areas to define potential cellular heterogeneity in correlation to the oxygen tension gradient within the GBM mass. Our results indicate that more immature cells are localized in the inner core and in the intermediate layer of the... 2010-03-22T00:00:00Z http://www.stemcells.com/details/journalArticle/685913/Launch_of_the_New_Stem_Cells_Portal.html No abstract. 2010-03-16T00:00:00Z http://www.stemcells.com/details/journalArticle/739473/Induced_Pluripotent_Stem_Cells__It_Looks_Simple_but_Can_Looks_Deceive.html 2010-03-16T00:00:00Z http://www.stemcells.com/details/journalArticle/739475/The_Role_of_SMAD4_in_Human_Embryonic_Stem_Cell_SelfRenewal_and_Stem_Cell_Fate.html Transforming growth factor (TGF)- superfamily proteins play a key role in the regulation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Those of the TGF/activin/nodal branch seem to support self-renewal and pluripotency, whereas those of the bone morphogenic protein (BMP) branch induce differentiation. In contrast to this generalization, we found that hESC remained undifferentiated after knockdown of SMAD4 with inducible short hairpin RNA interference, although the knockdown inhibited TGF signaling... 2010-03-16T00:00:00Z http://www.stemcells.com/details/journalArticle/685919/Complex_Display_of_Putative_Tumor_Stem_Cell_Markers_in_the_NCI60_Tumor_Cell_Line.html Tumor stem cells or cancer initiating cells (CICs) are single tumor cells that can regenerate a tumor or a metastasis. The identification and isolation of CICs remain challenging, and a variety of putative CIC markers have been described. We hypothesized that cell lines of the NCI60 panel contain CICs and express putative CIC markers. We investigated expression of putative CIC surface markers (CD15, CD24, CD44, CD133, CD166, CD326, PgP) and the activity of aldehyde dehydrogenase in the NCI60... 2010-02-22T00:00:00Z http://www.stemcells.com/details/journalArticle/678431/Law_Ethics_Religion_and_Clinical_Translation_in_the_21st_CenturyA_Discussion_wit.html No abstract. 2010-02-17T00:00:00Z http://www.stemcells.com/details/journalArticle/685917/Radiation_Resistance_of_Cancer_Stem_Cells_The_4_Rs_of_Radiobiology_Revisited.html There is compelling evidence that many solid cancers are organized hierarchically and contain a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs). It seems reasonable to suggest that a cancer cure can be achieved only if this population is eliminated. Unfortunately, there is growing evidence that CSCs are inherently resistant to radiation, and perhaps other cancer therapies. In general, success or failure of standard clinical radiation treatment is determined by the 4 R's of radiobiology: repair of... 2010-02-04T00:00:00Z http://www.stemcells.com/details/journalArticle/571491/Law_Ethics_Religion_and_Clinical_Translation_in_the_21st_CenturyA_Discussion_wit.html No abstract. 2010-01-13T00:00:00Z http://www.stemcells.com/details/journalArticle/678435/Neurons_Generated_from_APPAPLP1APLP2_Triple_Knockout_Embryonic_Stem_Cells_Behave.html Alzheimer's disease amyloid precursor protein (APP) has been implicated in many neurobiologic processes, but supporting evidence remains indirect. Studies are confounded by the existence of two partially redundant APP homologues, APLP1 and APLP2. APP/APLP1/APLP2 triple knockout (APP tKO) mice display cobblestone lissencephaly and are perinatally lethal. To circumvent this problem, we generated APP triple knockout embryonic stem (ES) cells and differentiated these to APP triple knockout neurons... 2010-01-04T00:00:00Z http://www.stemcells.com/details/journalArticle/678437/Hypoxia_Promotes_Efficient_Differentiation_of_Human_Embryonic_Stem_Cells_to_Func.html Early development of mammalian embryos occurs in an environment of relative hypoxia. Nevertheless, human embryonic stem cells (hESC), which are derived from the inner cell mass of blastocyst, are routinely cultured under the same atmospheric conditions (21% O2) as somatic cells. We hypothesized that O2 levels modulate gene expression and differentiation potential of hESC, and thus, we performed gene profiling of hESC maintained under normoxic or hypoxic (1% or 5% O2) conditions. Our analysis... 2010-01-04T00:00:00Z http://www.stemcells.com/details/journalArticle/571497/KMT1E_Mediated_H3K9_Methylation_Is_Required_for_the_Maintenance_of_Embryonic_Ste.html Dynamic regulation of histone methylation by methyltransferases and demethylases plays a central role in regulating the fate of embryonic stem (ES) cells. The histone H3K9 methyltransferase KMT1E, formerly known as ESET or Setdb1, is essential to embryonic development as the ablation of the Setdb1 gene results in peri-implantation lethality and prevents the propagation of ES cells. However, Setdb1-null blastocysts do not display global changes in H3K9 methylation or DNA methylation, arguing... 2009-12-10T00:00:00Z http://www.stemcells.com/details/journalArticle/678433/Identification_of_Vitronectin_as_an_Extrinsic_Inducer_of_Cancer_Stem_Cell_Differ.html There is mounting evidence that tumors are initiated by a rare subset of cells called cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs are generally quiescent, self-renew, form tumors at low numbers, and give rise to the heterogeneous cell types found within a tumor. CSCs isolated from multiple tumor types differentiate both in vivo and in vitro when cultured in serum, yet the factors responsible for their differentiation have not yet been identified. Here we show that vitronectin is the component of human... 2009-12-08T00:00:00Z http://www.stemcells.com/details/journalArticle/571493/Gliosarcoma_Stem_Cells_Undergo_Glial_and_Mesenchymal_Differentiation_In_Vivo.html Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are characterized by their self-renewing potential and by their ability to differentiate and phenocopy the original tumor in orthotopic xenografts. Long-term propagation of glioblastoma (GBM) cells in serum-containing medium results in loss of the CSCs and outgrowth of cells genetically and biologically divergent from the parental tumors. In contrast, the use of a neurosphere assay, a serum-free culture for selection, and propagation of central nervous system-derived... 2009-11-23T00:00:00Z http://www.stemcells.com/details/journalArticle/571495/Heparan_SulfationDependent_Fibroblast_Growth_Factor_Signaling_Maintains_Embryoni.html Embryonic stem (ES) cells continuously decide whether to maintain pluripotency or differentiate. While exogenous leukemia inhibitory factor and BMP4 perpetuate a pluripotent state, less is known about the factors initiating differentiation. We show that heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans are critical coreceptors for signals inducing ES cell differentiation. Genetic targeting of NDST1 and NDST2, two enzymes required for N-sulfation of proteoglycans, blocked differentiation. This phenotype was... 2009-11-23T00:00:00Z